CNC milling machine is a kind of automatic processing equipment developed on the basis of general milling machine. The processing technology of the two is basically the same, and the structure is somewhat similar. CNC milling machine is divided into two categories without and with a tool library.
CNC milling machine is a kind of automatic processing equipment developed on the basis of general milling machine. The processing technology of the two is basically the same, and the structure is somewhat similar. CNC milling machine is divided into two categories without and with a tool library. The CNC milling machine with tool magazine is also called machining center.
1. Classified according to the form of tool change
(1) Machining center with tool magazine manipulator The tool change device of the machining center is composed of the tool magazine and the manipulator level, and the tool change action is completed by the manipulator.
(2) the machining center of the manipulator, the tool change of this machining center is completed by the tool magazine and the spindle box with the action of the tool change process.
(3) turret tool magazine type machining center is generally used in small machining center, mainly to process holes.
2. Classified by machine form
(1) horizontal machining center refers to the spindle axis for the horizontal state of the machining center. The horizontal machining center generally has 3-5 motion coordinates. There are three common linear motion coordinates (along the X, Y, Z axis direction) plus a rotary coordinate (worktable), which can make the workpiece a clamping to complete the processing of the remaining four surfaces except the mounting surface and the top surface. Horizontal machining center than the vertical machining center has a wide range of applications, suitable for complex box parts, pump body, valve body and other parts of the processing. However, the horizontal machining center occupies a large area and has a large weight; the structure is complex and the price is high.
(2) vertical machining center refers to the spindle axis line for the vertical state of the machining center. Vertical machining center generally has three linear motion coordinates, worktable with indexing and rotation function, can be installed on the worktable-a horizontal axis of the CNC rotary table for processing spiral parts. Vertical machining centers are mostly used for processing single boxes, box covers, plate parts and plane cams. Vertical machining center has the advantages of simple structure, small footprint and low price.
(3) Gantry machining center, similar to gantry milling machine, is suitable for large or complex workpiece processing.
(4) Universal machining center Universal machining center, also known as five-sided machining center, small workpiece clamping can complete the processing of all surfaces except the installation surface; it has the functions of vertical and horizontal machining centers. There are two common forms of Wanjian lying center: one is that the spindle can rotate 900 can be the same as vertical machining center or horizontal machining center; The other is that the spindle does not change direction, and the worktable completes the processing of the five surfaces of the workpiece with the rotating 900 of the workpiece. The installation of the workpiece in the universal machining center avoids the installation error caused by the secondary clamping, so the efficiency and precision are high, but the structure is complex and the cost is high.
Machining centers are often divided into vertical machining centers and horizontal machining centers according to the state of the spindle in space. The spindle of the machining center is called vertical machining center in a vertical state in space, and the spindle is called horizontal machining center in a horizontal state in space. The spindle can be converted vertically and horizontally, which is called vertical and horizontal machining center or five-sided machining center, also known as compound machining center. According to the number of machining center column points; there are single column type and double column type (gantry type).
According to the number of motion coordinates of the machining center and the number of coordinates controlled at the same time, there are three-axis two-linkage, three-axis three-linkage, four-axis three-linkage, five-axis four-linkage, six-axis five-linkage, etc. Three-axis and four-axis refers to the number of motion coordinates of the machining center, and linkage refers to the number of coordinates that the control system can control at the same time, so as to realize the position and speed control of the tool relative to the workpiece.
According to the number and function of the worktable, there are single worktable machining center, double worktable machining center, and multi worktable machining center.
According to the processing precision points: there are ordinary machining center and high precision machining center. Ordinary machining center, the resolution of 1 m, the maximum feed speed of 15~25 m/min, positioning accuracy of lOμm. High-precision machining center, the resolution is 0.1 μm, the maximum feed rate is 15~100 m/min, the positioning accuracy is about 2 μm. Between 2 ~ lOμm, with ± 5μm more, can be called precision grade.